Migration impact
🇪🇪 Estonia
A plain-language summary of who arrives, who leaves, and what the government spends on migration in Estonia. Every headline figure is a reported value from an official source — nothing is estimated.
At a glance
Headline figures
168,148
Total incoming
People arrived, all recorded years
869
Total outgoing
People left, all recorded years
+167,279
Net balance
Net inflow
$83.4M
Spent on migrants · 2024
0.19% of GDP
Trend
Incoming vs outgoing, by year
Arrivals compared with departures for each reported year. Use the selector to read the exact figures for a single year.
41,612
Incoming
138
Outgoing
+41,474
Net that year
Public expenditure
What the government spends on migrants
Migration-related public spending (refugee support and development assistance provided) in current US dollars. For donor countries this includes in-donor refugee costs.
$83.4M
Total spending · 2024
Reported migration-related expenditure
0.19%
Share of GDP
About $0.19 of every $100 of national output
For perspective
What $83.4M could otherwise fund
The same amount, spent on other public services, using round benchmark unit costs. These are illustrative comparisons to convey scale — not an actual budget or policy proposal.
8
kilometres of motorway
One kilometre of modern motorway (~$10M).
16
well-equipped schools
A brand-new fully equipped school (~$5M each).
27
public libraries
A community public library (~$3M each).
55
kindergartens
A new kindergarten / nursery (~$1.5M each).
333
fully equipped ambulances
A new fully equipped ambulance (~$250k each).
556
affordable homes
A modest new affordable home (~$150k each).
927
doctor-years of salary
One doctor employed for a full year (~$90k).
1,517
nurse-years of salary
One nurse employed for a full year (~$55k).
1,854
teacher-years of salary
One teacher employed for a full year (~$45k).
4,172
university scholarships
A full one-year university scholarship (~$20k).
6,953
hospital beds for a year
Running one hospital bed for a year (~$12k).
34,766
annual pension top-ups
An extra $200/month for a pensioner for a year.
139,066
laptops for students
One laptop for a school student (~$600 each).